Peer Reviewed MDMA Studies

A list of peer reviewed MDMA Studies:

* Adlaf, E. M., & Smart, R. G. (1997). **Party subculture or dens of doom? An epidemiological study of rave attendance and drug use patterns among adolescent students.** Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 29(2), 193–198. http://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1997.10400187  PDF

* Agar, M., & Reisinger, H. S. (2003). **Going for the global: The case of ecstasy.** Human Organization, 62(1), 1–11. http://doi.org/10.17730/humo.62.1.aupk2554jb68mj2y

* \***Allott, K., & Redman, J. (2006). **Patterns of use and harm reduction practices of ecstasy users in Australia**. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 82, 168–176. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.09.009 PDF

* Armenian, P., Mamantov, T. M., Tsutaoka, B. T., Gerona, R. R. L., Silman, E. F., Wu, A. H. B., & Olson, K. R. (2012). **Multiple MDMA (Ecstasy) Overdoses at a Rave Event: A Case Series.** Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, 28(4), 252–258. http://doi.org/10.1177/0885066612445982 PDF

* Arria, A. M., Yacoubian, G. S., Fost, E., & Wish, E. D. (2002). **Ecstasy Use Among Club Rave Attendees.** Archives of Pediatrics, 156, 295–298. PDF

* Ashenhurst, A. (1996). **The ecstasy sub-culture: Beyond the rave**. Anthropology & Medicine, 3(2), 22– 27. PDF

* Baggott, M. J. (2002). **Preventing Problems in Ecstasy Users: Reduce Use to Reduce Harm**. Journal Of Psychoactive Drugs, 34(June). http://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2002.10399949 PDF

* Barratt, M. J., Norman, J. S., & Fry, C. L. (2007). **Positive and negative aspects of participation in illicit drug research: Implications for recruitment and ethical conduct.** International Journal of Drug Policy, 18, 235–238. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.07.001 PDF

* Carlson, R. G., Falck, R. S., McCaughan, J. A., & Siegal, H. A. (2004). **MDMA/Ecstasy Use Among Young People in Ohio: Perceived Risk and Barriers to Intervention**. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 36(2), 181–189. http://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2004.10399728 PDF

* Chinet, L., Stéphan, P., Zobel, F., & Halfon, O. (2007). **Party drug use in techno nights: A field survey among French-speaking Swiss attendees.** Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 86(2), 284–289. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2006.07.025 PDF

* Cole, J. C. (2014). **MDMA and the "Ecstasy Paradigm."** Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 46(1), 44–56. http://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2014.878148 PDF

* Duff, C. (2007). **Towards a theory of drug use contexts: Space, embodiment and practice.** Addiction Research and Theory, 15(5), 503–519. http://doi.org/10.1080/16066350601165448 PDF

* Duff, C. (2008). **The pleasure in context.** International Journal of Drug Policy, 19(5), 384–392. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.07.003 PDF

* Dundes, L. (2003). **DanceSafe and ecstasy: protection or promotion?** Journal of Health & Social Policy, 17(1), 19–37. http://doi.org/10.1300/J045v17n01_02 PDF

* Emerson, A., Ponté, L., Jerome, L., & Doblin, R. (2014). **History and future of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS).** Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 46(1), 27–36. http://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2014.877321 PDF

* Ezard, N. (2001). **Public health, human rights and the harm reduction paradigm: From risk reduction to vulnerability reduction.** International Journal of Drug Policy. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-3959(01)00093-7 PDF

* Falck, R. S., Carlson, R. G., Wang, J., & Siegal, H. A. (2004). **Sources of information about MDMA importance, and implications for prevention among young adult users.** Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 74, 45–54. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.11.009 PDF

* \***Fisher, C. B. (2011). **Addiction Research Ethics and the Belmont Principles: Do Drug Users Have a Different Moral Voice?** Substance Use & Misuse, 46(6), 728–741. http://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2010.528125.Addiction [404 not found] - PDF

* Fitzgerald, J., & Hamilton, M. (1996). **The consequences of knowing: ethical and legal liabilities in illicit drug research.** Social Science & Medicine, 43(11), 1591–1600. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00055-X PDF

* \***Gable, R. S. (2004). **Comparison of acute lethal toxicity of commonly abused psychoactive substances.** Addiction, 99(6), 686–696. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00744.x PDF

* Gamma, A., Jerome, L., Liechti, M. E., & Sumnall, H. R. (2005). **Is ecstasy perceived to be safe? A critical survey.** Drug and Alcohol Dependence. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.08.014 PDF

* Gross, S. R., Barrett, S. P., Shestowsky, J. S., & Pihl, R. O. (2002). **Ecstasy and drug consumption patterns: A Canadian rave population study.** Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 47(6), 546–551. PDF

* Hammersley, R., Ditton, J., Smith, I., & Short, E. (1999). **Patterns of ecstasy use by drug users.** The British Journal of Criminology, 39(4), 625–647. PDF [404 Not found]

* Hathaway, A. D. (2001). **Shortcomings of harm reduction: toward a morally invested drug reform strategy.** International Journal of Drug Policy, 12, 125– 137. PDF

* \***Hayner, G. N. (2002). **MDMA misrepresentation: an unresolved problem for Ecstasy users.** Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 34(2), 195–198. http://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2002.10399953 PDF

* Hier, S. P. (2002). **Raves, risks and the ecstacy panic: A case study in the subversive nature of moral regulation.** Canadian Journal of Sociology, 27(1), 33–57. http://doi.org/10.2307/3341411 PDF

* \***Hunt, G. P., Evans, K., & Kares, F. (2007). **Drug Use and Meanings of Risk and Pleasure.** Journal of Youth Studies, 10(1), 73–96. http://doi.org/10.1080/13676260600983668 PDF

* \***Hunt, G., & Evans, K. (2008). **The Great Unmentionable: Exploring the Pleasures and Benefits of Ecstasy from the Perspectives of Drug Users.** Drugs (Abingdon Engl), 15(4), 329–349. http://doi.org/10.1080/09687630701726841. PDF

* Hunt, G., Moloney, M., & Evans, K. (2009). **Epidemiology meets cultural studies: Studying and understanding youth cultures, clubs and drugs.** Addiction Research & Theory. http://doi.org/10.3109/16066350802245643 PDF

* Hunt, G., Moloney, M., & Fazio, A. (2011). **Embarking on large-scale qualitative research: reaping the benefits of mixed methods in studying youth, clubs and drugs.** Nordisk Alkohol Nark, 28, 433–452. http://doi.org/10.2478/v10199-011-0040-1. PDF

* Hysek, C. M., et al. (2013). **MDMA enhances emotional empathy and prosocial behavior.** Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 222(2), 293–302. http://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nst161 PDF

* Joe-Laidler, K., & Hunt, G. (2013). **Unlocking the spiritual with club drugs: a case study of two youth cultures.** Substance Use & Misuse, 48(12), 1099–108. http://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2013.808067 PDF

* Kelly, B. C. (2009). **Mediating MDMA-related harm: preloading and post-loading among Ecstasy-using youth.** Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 41(1), 19–26. http://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2009.10400671  PDF

* Kelly, B. C., Parsons, J. T., & Wells, B. E. (2006). **Prevalence and predictors of club drug use among club-going young adults in New York City.** Journal of Urban Health, 83(5), 884–895. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-006-9057-2 PDF

* \***Leneghan, S. (2013). **The Varieties of Ecstasy Experience: A Phenomenological Ethnography.** Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 45(4), 347–354. http://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.826561 PDF(Thesis version)

* \***Lindquist, J. (2004). **Veils and ecstasy: negotiating shame in the Indonesian Borderlands.** Ethnos, 69(4), 487–508. http://doi.org/10.1080/0014184042000302317 PDF

* \***Lindquist, J. (2010). **Putting Ecstasy to Work: Pleasure, Prostitution, and Inequality in the Indonesian Borderlands.** Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, 17, 280–303. http://doi.org/10.1080/10702891003733500 PDF

* Maxwell, J. C. (2005). **Party drugs: properties, prevalence, patterns, and problems.** Substance Use & Misuse, 40(9-10), 1203–1240. http://doi.org/10.1081/JA-200066736

* McElrath, K. (2005). **MDMA and sexual behavior: ecstasy users' perceptions about sexuality and sexual risk.** Substance Use & Misuse, 40, 1461–1477. http://doi.org/10.1081/JA-200066814 PDF

* \***Measham, F. (2004). **Play space: Historical and socio-cultural reflections on drugs, licensed leisure locations, commercialisation and control.** International Journal of Drug Policy, 15(5-6 SPEC. ISS.), 337–345. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2004.08.002 PDF

* Mold, A. (2007). **Illicit drugs and the rise of epidemiology during the 1960s.** Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 61(4), 278–281. http://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2006.046334 PDF

* \***Moore, D. (1993). **Ethnography and Illicit Drug Use: Dispatches from an Anthropologist in the "Field."** Addiction Research & Theory, 1, 11–25. http://doi.org/10.3109/16066359309035320 PDF

* \***Panagopoulos, I., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2005). **Harm reduction and decision making among recreational ecstasy users.** International Journal of Drug Policy, 16, 54–64. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2004.09.001 PDF

* Papers, O., Murphy, P. N., Wareing, M., & Fisk, J. E. (2005). **Users' perceptions of the risks and effects of taking ecstasy (MDMA): a questionnaire study.** Drug and Alcohol Dependence. PDF

* Parsons, J. T., Grov, C., & Kelly, B. C. (2010). **Comparing the effectiveness of two forms of time-space sampling to identify club drug-using young adults.** Journal of Drug Issues, 38(4). PDF

* Ramtekkar, U. P., Striley, C. W., & Cottler, L. B. (2011). **Contextual profiles of young adult ecstasy users: A multisite study.** Addictive Behaviors, 36(3), 190–196. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.10.004 PDF

* \***Rosenbaum, M. (2002). **Ecstasy: America's new "reefer madness".** Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 34(2), 137–142. http://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2002.10399947 PDF

* Saniotis, A. (2010). **Evolutionary and anthropological approaches towards understanding human need for psychotropic and mood altering substances.** Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 42(4), 477–484. http://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2010.10400710 PDF

* Schensul, J. J. (2005). **The Diffusion of Ecstasy Through Urban Youth Networks.** Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 4(2), 39–71. http://doi.org/10.1300/J233v04n02_03 PDF

* \***Singer, E. O., & Schensul, J. J. (2011). **Negotiating Ecstasy Risk, Reward, and Control: A Qualitative Analysis of Drug Management Patterns Among Ecstasy-Using Urban Young Adults.** Substance Use & Misuse, 46, 1675–1689. http://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2011.610398 PDF

* Singer, M. (2001). **Toward a bio-cultural and political economic integration of alcohol, tobacco and drug studies in the coming century.** Social Science and Medicine. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00331-2 PDF

* Takahashi, M., & Olaveson, T. (2003). **Music, dance and raving bodies: raving as spirituality in the Central Canadian rave scene.** Journal of Ritual Studies, 17(2), 72–96. PDF

* Tammi, T., & Hurme, T. (2007). **How the harm reduction movement contrasts itself against punitive prohibition.** International Journal of Drug Policy, 18, 84–87. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.11.003 PDF

* Taylor, E. M., Greene, N. M. P., Morgan, C. J. A., & Munafo, M. R. (2011). **Association of study characteristics with estimates of effect size in studies of ecstasy use.** Journal of Psychopharmacology. http://doi.org/10.1177/0269881111408955 PDF

* Uriely, N., & Belhassen, Y. (2006). **Drugs and risk-taking in tourism.** Annals of Tourism Research, 33(2), 339–359. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2005.10.009 PDF

* Weir, E. (2000). **Raves: A review of the culture, the drugs and the prevention of harm.** CMAJ. PDF

* \***Wilson, B. S. (2000). **Empowering communities or delinquent congregations? A study of complexity and contradiction in Canadian youth cultures and leisure spaces.** ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. PDF

* Yacoubian, G. S., Boyle, C., Harding, C. A., & Loftus, E. A. (2003). **It's a rave new world: estimating the prevalence and perceived harm of ecstasy and other drug use among club rave attendees.** Journal of Drug Education, 33(2), 187–196. http://doi.org/10.2190/RJX5-WRA6-BNG5-Q2TY   PDF